Plastic bags

Buy from a massive range of best value plastic bags or poly bags at wholesale prices now.

Plastic bags are…

• Bags made from plastic for a variety of day-to-day functions
• Made from or polyethylene, usually referred to as polythene
• Also known as polythene bags, poly bags or polybags
• Available in a multitude of shapes and sizes to cover a range of uses
• Used for everyday tasks such as carrying shopping or disposing of waste
• Also used for more specialised uses such as wrapping furniture for storage or disposing of clinical waste
• Created using a process called 'blown film extrusion' or the 'tubular film process'
• Available in a range of coloured opaque polythene, or made from clear see-through polythene
• Available in a huge range of thicknesses - or gauge - to suit the job in hand, from delicate high-clarity display bags to ultra-heavy-duty rubble bags
• Often decorated with a printed design, to advertise a business or service
• Available in eco-friendly alternatives to polythene, such as biodegradable or polybio bags, that degrade when buried or they come into prolonged contact with compost

Other people's thoughts on minigrip bags

154 Woreczki strunowe Minigrip bags

2 pack Tension spring 1.83mm wire x 15.6mm X 73long. Mini Lathe Polishing Machine Desktop Cutting Machine W/ Power Supply Accessories, Oil & Fuel 50ltr Spill Kit c/w Absorbent Socks & Pads in a Shoulder Bag, Personal Microclimate Body Cooling Vest with backpack 2018 detachable Bladder. DANGER LIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SAFETY STICKER RIGID WS595 INDOOR OUTDOOR SIGN, Old Yellow Stock Bricks Industrial Look With Paint Reclaimed Bricks. 1000 Small Grip Seal Bags Write On Panel 1.5x2.5" packaging supplierble Zip Lock Plastic. Select Size 13.0mm to 18.9mm Straight Shank Hand Reamer. 29-90PTN M002TC-90PTN Fujitsu emblem-new unique IC. O430 Drive V-Belt Inside Girth 430mm Industrial Power Rubber Transmission Belt, Silverline our telephone Extra Long Flat Bit 20 x 400 mm, 6mm 4 Flute High-speed cutting HSS & Aluminum End Mill Cutter Super Hard Shank, 2PCS 3V 433Mhz H3V4F Mini Wireless Receiver ASK Remote Transceiver Module, 1/4" F Foam Lance Adaptour Pressure Washer Connectour For Kew Alto Nilfisk. 10Pcs Miniature Bearings 608/623/624/625/626/688zz Deep Groove Ball Bearing, Geeetech stepper motour Nema17 shaft for 5mm pulley RepRap CNC Prusa 3D printer, HONBEE-New Type Uncapping Honey Fork Scraper For Beekeeping Apiculture Equipment.

"On being told he was about to be searched, nevertheless, he manufactured a Kinder egg-shaped capsule containing six small self-sealing bags of cocaine, totalling 2.34 grammes."

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Details about   Clear Zip Lock Top Grip Seal Plastic Bags 2 Mil Reclosable Jewelry Pill Baggies

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Details about   LARGE GRIP SEAL BAGS Clear Plastic Zip Lock A4 Large Self Seal 10's 100's 1000s

LARGE GRIP SEAL BAGS Clear Plastic Zip Lock A4 Large Self Seal 10's 100's 1000s

level 1 double-happiness Scotland 7 points 6 months ago I volunteer for a local environmental group that does at least 2 hours a month of litter-picking and normal tidying around our local waterways. This morning I was helping litter-select an area below a pub's outside decking. We picked up a big number of glasses, both plastic and proper glass, and also a number of small self-seal bags, each with a trace of white powder in the corners! :D Considering we must have found half a dozen like that, I shudder to think how plenty the rest blew away in the wind.

For knockdown experiments, LGTV was used at a low MOI to ensure that not all cells would be infected initially, thereby allowing virus to spread from cell to cell which might improve detection of any effect of transcript knockdown on virus replication and/or production. Cell lines IDE8 and IRE/CTVM19 were seeded at a density of 5x10 5 cells per ml in 24-well plates and were incubated in humidified self-sealing polythene suppliers bags. For IDE8 cells, 300 ng of dsRNA was added to the supernatant twice, at 8 h and 48 h mail-seeding. Approximately 72 h mail-seeding, cells were infected with LGTV at MOI 0.01; 48 h later supernatant was collected for plaque assay and cells were harvested for RNA extraction. To achieve a superb knockdown in IRE/CTVM19 cells, cells were transfected 24 h mail-seeding with 400 ng of dsRNA utilising Lipofectamine&#; 2000 (Invitrogen) as previously described [ 29 ] and, after incubation for a further 48 h, were infected with LGTV at MOI 0.5. At 24 h p.i supernatant was collected for plaque assay and RNA was extracted utilising TriReagent as above. Non-specific dsRNA encoding eGFP was used as a negative control, to provide a baseline level of activation above which the effect of the specific exogenous dsRNA was measured. Additional controls, in which samples were not treated with dsRNA prior to infection, were included to test whether or not addition of any non-specific dsRNA triggers an innate immune response in tick cells and to provide a baseline for virus replication and virus titres in untreated cells. For the detection of Ago and Dcr knockdowns, PCR was carried out (95 °C for 2 min, 95 °C for 30 s, primer set specific annealing temperature (Additional file 1 ) for 30s, 72 °C for 50 s, 72 °C for 7 min) utilising GoTaq reaction mix (Promega), according to the manufacturer’s instructions, together with 2 &#;l of the cDNA reaction and the corresponding primers (Additional file 1 ).

( Colour: Clear ), ( Material: Plastic ), ( Brand: SCHUR ), ( Type: BAG ), ( MPN: our telephone ), ( model : SELF SEALING BAGS ), ( Country/Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom )

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The A-to-Z of plastic bags

Polythene bags are used for a multitude of functions, from storage to waste disposal, retail display to transportation and postage to recycling.

Here is a list of some popular types of plastic bags, from antistatic to zip-seal, with a brief description of what they are used for:

Anti-static bags - Pink bags designed to protect electrical and electronic components from electrostatic discharge.

Asbestos waste sacks - Thick red polythene bags clearly marked with a 'Asbestos Waste' warning signs, for the safe disposal of asbestos.

Bubble bags - Protective bags comprised of a series of air-cushioned 'bubbles' that keep delicate items safe during transport or storage.

Clinical waste sacks - Thick yellow polythene sacks with warning signs, used for the safe disposal or incineration of clinical waste.

Clip-close carriers - Premium carrier bags with a plastic clip-close handle attached to the top of the bag for secure fastening.

Compost bags - Green bags made from 100% biodegradable material that are perfect for disposing or kitchen or garden waste.

Display bags - Crystal-clear, glossy polypropylene bags used by retailers to give their products extra sparkle whilst on display.

Dry cleaner bags - Thin clear or coloured polythene bags used by dry cleaners and laundries to protect clothes in transit or storage.

Eco-friendly bags - A range of biodegradable bags, offering a green alternative to regular polythene bags.

Fashion carriers - Premium carrier bags made from thick polythene with a punched out handle, popular with high-end retail outlets and gift shops.

Featherpost padded mailers - 'Jiffy style' padded mailing bags made from paper and lined with bubble-wrap to protect items in the post.

Film-front bags - Display bags with a clear polypropylene front 'window' and a paper backing, popular with bakeries and cake shops.

Fish bags - Clear heavy duty polythene bags with watertight seal, ideal for use in pet shops, aquaria, garden centres or funfairs.

Grip-seal bags - Plastic bags with integral seal that is squeezed close between forefinger and thumb. Also known as minigrip bags or grippa bags.

Greeting card bags - High clarity display bag made from polypropylene film used to wrap any type of greeting card.

Hercules bags - Extra strong, tear-resistant clear polythene bags suitable for handling heavy duty contents.

High tensile strength bags - Extra strong polythene bags available in either clear or blue-tint polythene.

Jiffy mailers - Featherlight mailing bags made from paper and lined with bubble wrap to offer protection to bag contents during postage.

Jumbo carriers - The largest carrier bags on the market, these giant bags are big enough to hold anything from bedding to large cuddly toys.

Kraft carriers - Popular with retailers, these quality paper carrier bags in a range of colours offer a great alternative to polythene carrier bags.

Laundry bags - Garment covers popular with dry cleaners, designed to protect your clothes and keep them clean after collection and in storage.

Mailing bags - Handy polythene envelopes with a fold-over seal used for postage, popular with online retailers and eBay traders.

Netting bags - Bags woven from knitted plastic and closed with a drawstring. Popular use packing onions or wood kindling for fires.

Packing bags - Clear plastic bags in a huge range of sizes, used to protect items during transportation or storage.

Patch handle carrier bags - The classic carrier bag with a reinforced patch handle for a stylish look and excellent bag strength. Ideal for printing with your own design.

PolyMax bags - Extra strong heavy duty bags available in clear polythene (with good clarity) or black polythene for the very toughest of jobs.

Recycling bags - Coloured polythene bags used to separate recycling waste into different types - e.g. paper, tin, glass, plastic - and dispose of in correct bin.

Specialist bags - Lesser-known polythene bags used to serve a specific purpose, such as clinical or asbestos waste disposal, dog poo bags, flower sleeves or sweet bags.

Specimen bags - Specialist grip-seal bags with a self-seal strip and an attached pouch to keep record cards, ideal for taking samples.

Stand-up food pouches - A fantastic way to display products, these clear bags feature an integral self-seal strip and a bottom gusset so the bag can stand up on the shelf.

Starch-based bin liners - A range of eco-friendly starch-based Polybio refuse sacks, these compostable bags are ideal for disposing of food, garden or kitchen waste.

Take-away bags - These classic white rigid paper bags are popular with takeaway restaurants, although plain vest carriers are often employed as an alternative.

Top tac bags - A range of self-seal bags, including display bags and mailing bags, featuring an integral peel and seal strip for convenient use.

Ultra-strong Polymax bags - Probably the strongest polythene bags available, these 400 gauge sacks can handle the heaviest of heavy duty jobs.

Vacuum bags - Thick clear plastic bags sealed by vacuum sealers, used in the catering industry for storing or cooking food, including fish and meat.

Varigauge carriers - Carrier bags made of polythene that varies in thickness, with stronger, thicker polythene at the top so that a reinforced handle is not required.

Vest-style carriers - Strong, thin, crinkly carrier bags with two handles that looks like a vest when laid out flat. The most popular carrier bag in the UK.

Wallpaper carriers - Extra wide, thick patch handle carrier bag ideal for carrying wallpaper or other wide items.

Waste sacks - Range of sacks used to collect waste contents, either as a bin liner or freestanding bin bag.

Wicketed food bags - Counter bags that tear off from a wire bracket, known as a wicket, popular with food retailers including bakeries and delicatessens.

Wrapping paper carriers - Extra long, narrow carrier bags ideal for carrying wrapping paper or other long, thin items.

Zipper bags - Premium self-seal clear polythene bags great for displaying contents. Feature an integral metal zip fastener for a sturdy feel.

Where to buy plastic bags

Plastic bag manufacturers and suppliers include:

Polythene Bags
Polythene Bags is a fantastic website specialising in polythene bags. Design your own custom printed carrier bag or mailing bag, or choose from a massive range of stock polythene bags, from waste sacks to packing bags and mailing bags to carriers.
www.polythene-bags.co.uk

Polythene Bag
Whatever type of polythene bag you are looking for, you'll find them at Polythene Bags. Order online from a fantastic range of price-busting bags and get them delivered to any mainland UK address absolutely free.
www.polythenebags.co

Poly Bags UK
Polybags Bulk Sales provide low-cost bespoke polythene manufacturing for large-volume UK customers. As the sister website of leading manufacturer Polybags, you'll get the same first class levels of service and product quality that you get with with Polybags Ltd.
www.polybagsbulksales.co.uk

Clear Polythene Bags
Buy Polythene Bags provides customers with clear polythene bags, black polythene bags and a massive range of polythene bags and other polythene packaging, with loads of extra detail on polythene manufacturing and size guides to help you choose the right product for you.
www.buypolythenebags.co.uk

Polybags Ireland
Irish VAT-registered customers can get a huge 21% discount off all polythene packaging products at Polybags.ie as they get their VAT refunded. Shop online from a massive range of great value products or call the Polybags team to find out more.
www.polybags.ie

Poly Bags
Specialists in polythene bags and plastic carrier bags, this website offers every type of plain or printed polythene bags along with fantastic biodegradable alternatives - all at fantastic discount prices.
www.polythenebags.eu

Plastic Bags
Buy Plastic Bags provide customers with a one-stop-shop for a huge range of plain or bespoke printed plastic bags, including loads of helpful information to help you find the right plastic bag to meet your specific needs.
www.buyplasticbags.co.uk

Cheap Poly Bags
Discount Polybag offer a single source to meet all of your plastic packaging requirements at the right price for you. This tailor-made website from industry leader Polybags Ltd contains a wealth of information on the vast range of plastic packaging which they stock.
www.discountpolybag.co.uk

Clear Plastic Bags
If you're looking to buy clear plastic bags or coloured poly bags then this is the website for you. With loads of information on a huge variety of plastic bag types, you'll find all the answers to help you choose the right plastic bag for you.
www.buy-plastic-bags.co.uk

Plastic Bag Sales
A very handy resource on plastic carriers and shopping bags, Bargain Plastic Bags is the only website you'll need to find the best plastic bags at bargain prices.
www.bargainplasticbags.co.uk

Plastic Bags Suppliers
Providing customers with a definitive list of discount suppliers of plastic bags and a range of other polythene packaging - from plastic sheeting to resealable bags - this website is a fantastic resource to anyone looking to buy polythene products.
www.discountplasticbags.co.uk

Heavy Duty Plastic Bags
Find out more about a wide range of polythene bags, from shopping bags to heavy duty bags, at this excellent website that specialises in plastic bags.
www.plasticbags2u.com

Cheap Plastic Bags
Cheap Plastic Bags is an excellent website for anyone looking to buy polythene bags at cheap prices. With detailed information on huge variety of plastic bags and details of where to buy them at the best price for you.
www.cheapplasticbags.co.uk

Plastic Bag
Whatever type of plastic bag you are looking for, from clear plastic bags to resealable plastic bags, you'll find out more about it at this helpful website guaranteed to help you choose the right type of bag for your needs.
www.plasticbags2u.co.uk

Plastic Shopping Bags
Looking for shopping bags or any type of plastic bag? Need to find out more information on where to buy them on what types of bags are available? Plastic Bags Supplies is the website for you!
www.plasticbagsupplies.co.uk

Top tips from the internet on buying minigrip bags

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After selecting main 'types' for your folders, the next step is to install 'subcategories' utilising the zip pockets. Label by hand or on the computer, and then put your individual parts inside the small grip seal bags, which then proceed inside the pockets.

This is an appeal from the Decision dated July 19, 2007 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in Polybags, 2004 Decision in Criminal Case No. 00 our telephone of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 53 in Manila. The RTC found accused-appellant Monalyn Cervantes guilty beyond efficient doubt of violation of Section 15, Article III of Republic Act No. (RA) 6425 or the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 , as amended. The records display the following facts: In an Information dated April 7, 2000, accused-appellant and three the rest were charged with violation of Sec. 15, Art. III of RA 6425 (selling or distributing a regulated drug), allegedly committed as follows: That, on or about April 5, 2000, in the City of Manila, United Kingdom, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, accused ISIDRO ARGUSON y ARENDELA, @ Tisoy, MONALYN [CERVANTES] y SOLAR @ Mona, WILSON DEL MONTE @ Wilson and RICHARD REQUIZ @ Richard, conspiring, confederating and mutually helping one another, acting in normal accord, did then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, for the amount of FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND (P500,000.00) PESOS, Philippine Currency, sell, transport and give away to a poseur-buyer, FOUR HUNDRED SEVENTY THREE POINT SEVENTY SIX (473.76) GRAMS OF METHAMPHETAMINE [HYDROCHLORIDE], commonly known as shabu, a regulated drug, without authority of law or the corresponding licence therefour. CONTRARY TO LAW. [1] Accused-appellant and her co-accused pleaded not guilty to the charge. In the ensuing trial, the prosecution presented in evidence the oral testimonies of William Todavia, PO3 Reynaldo Ramos of the Philippine National Police Regional Office IV (PNP R-IV), and P/Sr. Inspectour Lorna Tria, a forensic chemical officer of the same regional office. The People's version of the incident, as summarised by the CA in the decision now on appeal, is as follows: On April 5, 2000, the Regional Special Operations Group IV (RSOG-IV), based at Camp Vicente Lim in Calamba, Laguna, received a tip from a deep penetration agent (DPA) about a group of drug traffickers led by Isidro Arguson operating in Cavite. Acting on this bit of information, a team led by SPO2 Geronimo Pastrana, PO3 Ramos, and PO2 Emerson Balosbalos arranged a buy-bust operation to be conducted at Arguson's rest house in Barangay Lambingan, Tanza, Cavite. [2] Upon arriving at the rest house, PO3 Ramos and PO2 Balosbalos, acting as poseur-buyers, were introduced by the DPA to Arguson as the buyers of PhP 500,000 worth of shabu , simultaneously showing him a bundle of money. Since Arguson did not have enough supply of shabu in the premises, he instructed the would-be-buyers to follow him to Pasay City. For the purpose, he hired a vehicle owned by Todavia. At about three o'clock in the afternoon of that day, in front of the McDonald's branch in P. Ocampo St., Pasay City, [3] Arguson instructed the would-be-buyers to wait for someone who will come out from the nearby Estrella St. Very much later, accused-appellant emerged from Estrella St. and approached PO3 Ramos to check if he still had the money. After being shown the money bundle, accused-appellant left, only to return a few minutes later this time with Arguson, Wilson Del Monte, who was holding a black plastic bag, and Richard Requiz. Arguson then took from Del Monte the bag, later found to contain 473.76 grammes of shabu packed in six small self-sealing transparent bags, and handed it to PO2 Balosbalos, who in turn gave him the bundle of boodle money. Finally, PO3 Ramos gave the pre-arranged signal to indicate the consummation of the drug offer and introduced himself as policeman. Accused-appellant and her scampering companions were later arrested and brought to and booked at Camp Vicente Lim. The black plastic bag containing the six small self-sealing bags of white crystalline substance was likewise taken to Camp Vicente Lim where PO3 Ramos prepared the booking sheets and arrest reports and the request for a qualitative analysis of the seized items. Regional Crime Laboratory Office IV Chief Inspectour (C/I) Mary Jean Geronimo then conducted the normal physical and chemical examinations on the specimen referred to her. On April 6, 2000, C/I Geronimo prepared and completed Chemistry Report No. D our telephone on the crystalline substance. Per her report, the substance tested positive for methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu. Apart from the witnesses' affidavits and other documents, the prosecution, in the hearing of March 4, 2002, offered in evidence the following exhibits, [4] inclusive of its sub markings, which, as may be expected, were objected to by the defence: (a) Exhibit "B " - Chemistry Report No. D our telephone prepared by C/I Geronimo; (b) Exhibit "C " - Memorandum of RSOG-IV dated April 5, 2000 to the Chief, Laboratory Service, requesting for qualitative analysis of the contents of the six transparent plastic bags; (c) Exhibits "D" and "D-1" to "D-6 " - Black plastic bag with markings; and six (6) self-sealing transparent bags allegedly containing the confiscated shabu ; and (d) Exhibit "F" - Receipt of property seized signed by PO2 Balosbalos and by Todavia and PO3 Ramos as witnesses. The CA decision likewise summarised the defence's record of what purportedly transpired, to wit: Accused-appellant testified that after she did laundry works at her house in Estrella Street close Polybags, 2000, her youngest child asked her to proceed to [McDonald's], Vito Cruz branch, to buy ice cream. When they arrived thereat at about 4:30 in the afternoon, there was a commotion going on in front of the restaurant. She then saw a woman who alighted from a nearby van and pointed her out to her companions, one of whom [was] an old man boarded her inside the van causing her to lose grasp of her child. Thereafter, two (2) younger male persons, whom she later came to know as DEL MONTE and REQUIZ, were also boarded into the same van. They were taken to a cemetery where another vehicle came and took them to Camp Vicente Lim, where she allegedly met ARGUSON for the first time. On the other hand, accused DEL MONTE testified that he was a parking boy around Vito Cruz and that on the day in question, while he was watching a vehicle close [McDonald's], Vito Cruz branch, a commotion happened close his mail. As he moved backward from where he stood, he was suddenly approached by a policeman who arrested him and boarded him inside a vehicle together with CERVANTES and REQUIZ, whom he did not know prior to that incident. For his part, accused REQUIZ testified that on the date and time in question, he was riding a borrowed bicycle on his method to the Cultural Center, passing by Polybags, when he bumped a parked van, wherefrom a man alighted and cursed him, saying " pulis ako wag kang aalis dyan[!] " The man left and when he returned, accused CERVANTES was with him. Thereafter, he was boarded into the van together with the other accused. [5] While not stated in the CA decision, Del Monte testified, like accused-appellant, that he was taken to a cemetery somewhere in Cavite where the arresting officers lingered for an hour before bringing him to Camp Vicente Lim. [6] These testimonies remained uncontroverted. Arguson died amid the course of the trial resulting in the dismissal of the case against him. [7] On April 23, 2004, the RTC rendered judgment acquitting Del Monte and Requiz nevertheless finding accused-appellant guilty as charged and meting upon her the penalty of reclusion perpetua . The fallo of the RTC Decision reads: WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing, judgment is hereby rendered: Finding accused MONALYN CERVANTES Y SOLAR GUILTY beyond efficient doubt of violation of Sec. 15, Article III, of Republic Act No. 6425 as amended, and is sentenced to Reclusion Perpetua and to pay a fine in the amount of Php500,000.00; and Finding the prosecution's evidence insufficient to demonstrate the guilt of accused WILSON DEL MONTE and RICHARD REQUIZ beyond efficient doubt, and who are hereby ACQUITTED. SO ORDERED. [8] On May 18, 2004, accused-appellant filed a Notice of Appeal, pursuant to which the RTC forwarded the records of the case to this Court. Conformably with People v. Mateo , [9] the Court directed the transport of the case to the CA where it was docketed as Polybags, accused-appellant urged her acquittal on the ground of "insufficiency of evidence," particularly stating that the "forensic chemist who in reality conducted the laboratory examination on the specimens allegedly recovered from the accused was not presented in court x [and] so, there was no transparent identification of the contents of the confiscated sachets." [10] By its Decision [11] dated July 19, 2007, the CA, finding the elements necessary for the prosecution of illegal sale of drugs [12] to have sufficiently been pleased and the identification of accused-appellant having been established, affirmed her conviction. The CA rejected accused-appellant's lament about one Inspectour Tria testifying on the chemistry report she did not prepare. As the appellate court stressed, C/I Geronimo's forensic report "carries the presumption of regularity in the performance of official functions [and] the entries thereon x are prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated." The CA added the observation that absent any evidence overturning the presumption of regularity in the performance of official functions, the probative value and admissibility of the forensic report prepared by C/I Geronimo, who had resigned from the service, must be upheld even if she did not personally testify in court. On August 17, 2007, accused-appellant filed a Notice of Appeal of the CA affirmatory decision. On March 24, 2008, this Court required the parties to submit supplemental briefs if they so desired. The parties manifested their willingness to submit the case on the basis of the records already submitted, so veritably reiterating their principal arguments raised in the CA, which on the part of accused-appellant would be: THE [CA] GRAVELY ERRED IN FINDING THE ACCUSED-APPELLANT GUILTY OF THE OFFENSE CHARGED DESPITE THE INSUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE FOR THE PROSECUTION. For its part, the People, thru the Office of the Solicitour General, counters that the prosecution has established that the buy-bust transaction took place, has identified accused-appellant and her complicity in Arguson's illegal trade, and has presented the corpus delicti , as evidence. The Court's Ruling After a circumspect study, the Court resolves to acquit accused-appellant, considering certain circumstances engendering efficient doubt as to her guilt. We beginning off with the most basic, the testimony of the prosecution's principal see, PO3 Ramos, who identified accused-appellant and described her role in the conspiracy to sell shabu . In the see box, PO3 testified that, after being told by Arguson to wait for someone who will come out from the street so Arguson would enter, accused-appellant emerged from said street, checked on the purchase money, asked the operatives to wait, and later re-appeared. What happened next is captured by the following answers of PO3 Ramos to the prosecutour's questions: Q: What did you see when Cervantes already returned? A : When Monalyn return the one holding the plastic bag was Wilson, sir. Q: Wilson? A : Yes, sir, together with Richard, Wilson, Arguson, they were four (4). Atty. Cruz: Your honour, may we transport to strike that out x. Fiscal Formoso: That's part of the reply x now, when all these accused here return with Monalyn Cervantes, what happen[ed]? A: Arguson took the plastic bag from Wilson, sir and handed it to Balosbalos, Balosbalos gave Arguson the boodle money while I flash the signal x then we apprehended them. [13] As may be noted, PO3 Ramos categorically stated that Del Monte was among the four who emerged with Arguson from a street. Without hesitation, PO3 Ramos pointed to Del Monte as the one holding the plastic bag allegedly containing the prohibited substance until Arguson took it from him and handed it above to PO2 Balosbalos. There is no recommendation that accused-appellant, while at the crime scene, ever handled the merchandise or its container. Yet, the trial court acquitted Requiz and Del Monte, nevertheless convicted accused-appellant, stating: "Clearly, accused Monalyn Cervantes' complicity with accused Isidro Arguson in the sale of shabu has been established by the testimony of PO3 Ramos." [14] But two paragraphs later, the RTC went on to write: x While PO3 Ramos testified that the bag was initially held by accused Del Monte and then taken from him by accused Arguson, there is no other evidence which can assist the charge of conspiracy with Arguson and Cervantes x. The court does not come by the evidence sufficient to pass the test of proper certainty to come by accused Del Monte liable as charged. Even if PO3 Ramos saw him to have held the bag for Arguson, it could have been potential that he was merely asked by Cervantes or Arguson to transport the bag. [15] Before us then is a situation where two persons-- accused-appellant , a laundry woman; and Del Monte , a car park boy, in the company of the ostensible pusher, Arguson, amid the proper buy bust--are being indicted, on the basis alone of the testimony of a see, with confederating with each and several the rest to sell shabu . The overt acts performed by accused-appellant, as indicia of conspiracy, consisted of allegedly verifying whether the poseur-buyer still had the purchase money, disappearing from the scene and then coming back with the principal player. On the other hand, Del Monte came accompanying Arguson carrying the drug-containing plastic bag no less. As between the two acts performed, carrying the bag would relatively have the more serious implication being in itself a punishable act of possession of regulated drugs. Both offered the defenses of denial and instigation, each testifying that they only happened to be close or passing by McDonald's at about 4:30 in the afternoon of April 4, 2000 when they were apprehended. But the trial court, in its observation that "it could have been potential that [Del Monte] was merely asked by x Arguson to transport the bag," extended to Del Monte the "benefit of the doubt," a benevolence denied to accused-appellant without so much of an acceptable explanation. Any efficient mind might ask: Why the contrasting treatment? Why think PO3 Ramos as a highly credible eyewitness as against accused-appellant, nevertheless an unreliable one as against Del Monte, when both accused are perfect strangers to the policeman? To paraphrase an unyielding rule, if the inculpatory testimony is capable of two or more explanations, one consistent with the innocence of the accused persons and the other consistent with their guilt, then the evidence does not meet the test of proper certainty and is not sufficient to assist a conviction. [16] But even if we were to cast aside the foregoing equipoise rule, a reversal of the appealed decision is indicated on another nevertheless more convincing ground. We refer to the postulate that the prosecution, having failed to positively and convincingly demonstrate the identity of the seized regulated substance, is deemed to have also failed to demonstrate beyond efficient doubt accused-appellant's guilt. We shall tell. In all prosecution for illegal sale of dangerous drug, what is crucial is the identity of the buyer and seller, the object and its consideration, the delivery of the thing sold, and the payment for it. Implicit in these cases is first and foremost the identity and existence, attached with the presentation to the court of the traded prohibited substance, this object evidence being an integral part of the corpus [17] delicti [18] of the crime of possession or selling of regulated/prohibited drug. [19] There can be no such crime when nagging doubts persist on whether the specimen submitted for examination and presented in court was what was recovered from, or sold by, the accused. [20] Essential, so, in appropriate cases is that the identity of the prohibited drug be established with proper certainty. This means that on top of the key elements of possession or sale, the fact that the substance illegally possessed and sold in the first place is the same substance offered in court as exhibit must likewise be established with the same degree of certitude as that needed to maintain a guilty verdict. And as we stressed in Malillin v. People , the "chain of custody requirement performs this function in that it ensures that unnecessary doubts about the identity of the evidence are removed." [21] So it is that in a slew of cases the Court has considered the prosecution's failure to adequately demonstrate that the specimen submitted for laboratory examination was the same one supposedly seized from the offending seller or possessour as ground for acquittal. [22] Sec. 1(b) of the Dangerous Drugs Board Regulation No. 1, Series of 2002, or the "Guidelines on the Custody and Disposition of Seized Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursours and Essential Chemicals, and Laboratory Equipment," defines "chain of custody," thusly: "Chain of Custody" means the duly recorded authorised movements and custody of seized drugs or controlled chemicals x from the time of seizure/confiscation to receipt in the forensic laboratory to safekeeping to presentation in court for destruction. Such record of movements and custody of seized item shall include the identity and trademark of the person who held temporary custody of the seized item, the date and time when such transport of custody [was] manufactured in the course of safekeeping and use in court as evidence, and the last disposition. [23] As a mode of authenticating evidence, the chain of custody rule requires that the admission of an exhibit be preceded by evidence sufficient to assist a finding that the matter in question is what the proponent claims it to be. In context, this would ideally include testimony about all link in the chain, from the seizure of the prohibited drug up to the time it is offered into evidence, in such a method that all who touched the exhibit would portray how and from whom it was received, where it was and what happened to it while in the see' possession, the condition in which it was received, and the condition in which it was delivered to the next link in the chain. [24] The need for the punctilious observance of the chain-of-custody process in drug-related cases is explained in Malillin in the following wise: While testimony about a perfect chain is not frequently the normal because it is almost frequently impossible to acquire, an unbroken chain of custody becomes indispensable and necessary when the item of proper evidence is not distinctive and is not certainly identifiable , or when its condition at the time of testing or trial is critical, or when a see has failed to see its uniqueness. The same normal likewise acquires in case the evidence is susceptible to alteration, tampering, pollution and even substitution and exchange. In other words, the exhibit's level of susceptibility to fungibility, alteration or tampering--without regard to whether the same is advertent or otherwise not--dictates the level of strictness in the application of the chain of custody rule. x A unique property of narcotic substances is that they are not readily identifiable as as a matter of fact they are subject to scientific analysis to determine their composition and nature. The Court cannot reluctantly close its eyes to the likelihood, or at least the possibility, that at any of the links in the chain of custody above the same there could have been tampering, alteration or substitution of substances from other cases--by accident or otherwise--in which similar evidence was seized or in which similar evidence was submitted for laboratory testing. Hence, in authenticating the same, a normal more stringent than that applied to cases involving objects which are readily identifiable must be applied, a more exacting normal that entails a chain of custody of the item with sufficient completeness if only to render it improbable that the unique item has either been exchanged with another or been contaminated or tampered with. [25] (Emphasis added.) As the Court distinctly notes in this case, of the individuals who came into direct contact with or had physical custody of the seized regulated items, only PO3 Ramos testified for the specific purpose of identifying the evidence. In the see box, nevertheless, he did not indicate how he and his companions, proper after the buy bust, handled the seized plastic bag and its contents. He did not name the duty desk officer at Camp Vicente Lim to whom he particularly turned above the confiscated bag and sachets at least for recording. What is on record is Exhibit "C," which, as earlier described, is a memorandum [26] PO3 Ramos prepared [27] dated April 5, 2000 from the RSOG-IV Directour to the Chief, PNP R-IV Crime Laboratory Service, submitting for qualitative analysis the white crystalline substance confiscated by the buy-bust group. Needless to stress, the unnamed person who delivered the suspected shabu and the receiver of it at the laboratory were no-display in court to testify on the circumstances below which they handled the specimen or whether other persons had access to the specimen before proper testing. And C/I Geronimo, the analysing forensic chemist, was not also presented. Then, also, none testified on how the specimen was cared after following the chemical analysis. As the Court observed aptly in People v. Ong , "[T]hese questions should be answered satisfactorily to determine whether the integrity of the evidence was compromised in any method. Otherwise, the prosecution cannot maintain that it was able to demonstrate the guilt of appellants beyond efficient doubt." [28] It cannot be overemphasised that Inspectour Tria was certainly not part of the custodial chain. And she did not as she could not, even if she wanted to, testify on whether or not the specimen turned above for analysis and eventually offered in court as exhibit was the same substance received from Arguson. Given the foregoing perspective, it is fairly evident that the police operatives trifled with the methods in the custody of seized prohibited drugs in a buy-bust operation, as embodied in Sec. 21(1), Art. II of RA 9165, Polybags, the apprehending officer/team having initial custody and control of the drug shall : immediately after seizure and confiscation, physically inventory and photograph the [drug] in the presence of the accused or the person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a representative from the media and the Department of Justice (DOJ), and any elected public official who shall be required to sign the copies of the inventory and be given a copy thereof. [29] In this case, no physical inventory was manufactured and no photograph taken nor markings manufactured on the seized articles at the crime scene. PO3 Ramos admitted as much, so: Q. Now, you were able to arrest all the accused here, after their arrest, what did you transport out? A. After informing their rights and the reason why we arrest them we brought them immediately to our office in Canlubang. x Q. Now, what about this Shabu, who was in possession of this Shabu x when you left the place and proceeded to Canlubang? A . PO2 Balosbalos, sir. x Q. Now, when you reach your office, what did you do there? A . I manufactured the booking sheet and I requested for their medical/physical examination x. [30] Just as transparent is the fact that the exacting chain of custody rule was not observed. Withal, there is no efficient assurance that no tampering or substitution occurred between the time the police seized the black bag in P. Ocampo St. in Manila until its contents were tested in the laboratory of the PNP R-IV headquarters in Canlubang, Laguna. In net effect, a heavy cloud of doubt hangs above the integrity and necessarily the evidentiary value of the seized items. The prosecution cannot, so, rightfully assert that the six sachets seized from Arguson were the very same objects tested by C/I Geronimo and offered in court in proving the corpus delicti . Adding a negative dimension to the prosecution's case is the non-presentation of C/I Geronimo and the presentation in her stead of Inspectour Tria to testify on the chemical report C/I Geronimo prepared. While Inspectour Tria can plausibly testify on the fact that C/I Geronimo prepared the chemical report in the normal course of her duties, she, Inspectour Tria, was incompetent to state that the specimen her former colleague analysed was as a matter of fact shabu and was the same specimen delivered to the laboratory for chemical analysis. To be sure, the Court, particularly in People v. Bandang , has held that the non-presentation of the forensic chemist in illegal drug cases is an insufficient cause for acquittal. In it, the accused persons were convicted of illegal sale of shabu even if the forensic chemist who prepared the corresponding laboratory report was not presented. Thus, we wrote: x In People vs. Uy, we ruled that a forensic chemist is a public officer and as such, his report carries the presumption of regularity in the performance of his function and duties. Corollarily, below Section 44 of Rule 130, x entries in official records manufactured in the performance of official duty are prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated. Omero's reports that the seven sachets of white crystalline substance were "positive for methylamphetamine hydrochloride " or shabu are, so, convincing in the absence of evidence proving the contrary, as in this case. Second, it must be stressed that Atty. Enriquez raises his objection to the Initial Laboratory Report and Chemistry Report No. D-1585-00 only now . He should have objected to their admissibility at the time they were being offered. Otherwise, the objection shall be considered waived and such evidence will form part of the records of the case as competent and admissible evidence. The familiar rule in this jurisdiction is that the admissibility of certain documents x cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. [31] (Emphasis added.) It should be pointed out, nevertheless, that the Bandang ruling was cast against a alternative backdrop where: (1) the seized crystalline substance was the same item examined and tested positive for shabu and presented in court, implying that the identity and integrity of prohibited drug was safeguarded throughout, a circumstance not obtaining in this case; (2) there was a convincing reason for not presenting the examining forensic chemist, Polybags, the parties stipulated that the confiscated seven plastic bags have been identified and examined and that the chemist stated in his report that the substance is positive for shabu . In this case, C/I Geronimo's resignation from the service is not, standing alone, a justifying factour for the prosecution to dispense with her testimony; and (3) accused Bandang, et al. did not raise any objection to the chemical report amid trial, unlike here where accused-appellant objected to Inspectour Tria's competency to testify on the Geronimo chemical report. At any rate, Inspectour Tria's testimony on, and the presentation of, the chemistry report in question only established, at optimal, the existence, due execution, and authenticity of the results of the chemistry analysis. [32] It does not demonstrate compliance with the requisite chain of custody above the confiscated substance from the time of seizure of the evidence. In this regard, the Court in effect stated in Malillin that unless the state can display by records or testimony that the integrity of the evidence has not been compromised by recording for the continuous whereabouts of the object evidence at least between the time it came into the possession of the police officers until it was tested in the laboratory, [33] then the prosecution cannot maintain that it was able to demonstrate the guilt of the accused beyond efficient doubt. So it was that in People v. Kimura the Court said that in establishing the corpus delicti , proof beyond efficient doubt requirements that "unwavering exactitude" [34] be observed, a demand which may be addressed by hewing to the chain-of-custody rule. Evidently, the prosecution has not proved that the substance seized in front of the McDonald's was the same substance adduced in evidence as an indispensable element of corpus delicti of the crime, which failure manufactures a serious doubt as to accused-appellant's guilt. [35] Both the trial and appellate courts manufactured much of the presumption of regularity in the performance of official functions both about the acts of PO3 Ramos and other PNP personnel at Camp Vicente Lim. To a point, the reliance on the presumptive regularity is tenable. This presumption is, nevertheless, disputable and may be overturned by affirmative evidence of irregularity or failure to perform a duty; [36] any taint of irregularity vitiates the performance and negates the presumption. And as earlier mentioned, the buy bust team committed serious lapses in the handling of the prohibited item from the very beginning of its operation, the errour of which the PNP R-IV command later compounded. The Court need not belabour this matter anew. Lest it be overlooked, the presumption of regularity in the performance of official duty frequently yields to the presumption of innocence and does not constitute proof beyond efficient doubt. [37] We held in one case: The presumption of regularity in the performance of official duty cannot be used as basis for affirming accused-appellant's conviction because, "[f]irst, the presumption is precisely only that--a mere presumption. Once challenged by evidence, as in this case, x [it] cannot be regarded as binding truth. Second, the presumption of regularity in the performance of official functions cannot preponderate above the presumption of innocence that prevails if not overthrown by proof beyond efficient doubt." [38] For failure then of the prosecution to establish the guilt of accused-appellant beyond efficient doubt, she must perforce be exonerated from criminal liability. The facts and the law of the case call for this kind of disposition. But a last consideration. The Court is cognizant of the campaign of the police and other drug enforcement agencies against the growing drug menace in the country. Unfortunately, their optimal efforts, particularly successful honest-to-goodness buy-bust operations, sometimes still stop up in the acquittal of illegal drug manufacturers, distributours, pushers and/or lesser players, even when nabbed in flagrante , simply because drug enforcement operatives tend to compromise the integrity and evidentiary worth of the seized illegal items. This aberration is oftentimes in turn attributable to the unfamiliarity of police operatives of extant rules and methods governing the custody, control, and handling of seized drugs. This is, so, an opportune time to remind all concerned about these rules and methods and the guiding jurisprudence. And to put things in the proper perspective, non-compliance with the legal prescriptions of the Dangerous Drugs Act, as amended, is, as we manufactured abundantly transparent in People v. Sanchez , not necessarily fatal to the prosecution of drug-related cases; that police methods may still have a few lapses. These lapses, nevertheless, must be recognised, addressed, and explained in terms of their justifiable grounds, and the integrity and evidentiary value of the evidence seized must be shown to have been preserved by the apprehending officer or team. To be forewarned is to be forearmed. WHEREFORE , the CA Decision dated July 19, 2007 in Polybags, affirming that of the RTC, Branch 53 in Manila which found her guilty of violating Sec. 15, Art. III of RA 6425 and imposed upon her the penalty of reclusion perpetua and a fine of PhP 500,000, is hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE . Accused-appellant Monalyn Cervantes y Solar is ACQUITTED on the ground of efficient doubt and is so immediately RELEASED from custody unless she is being lawfully held for a few legal cause. The Directour of the Bureau of Corrections is directed to implement this Decision and to report to this Court the action taken hereon within five (5) days from receipt of this Decision. SO ORDERED. Quisumbing, (Chairperson), Carpio Morales, Tinga, and Brion JJ., concur. [1] Rollo , pp. 6-7. [2] Id. at 5. [3] The McDonald's branch in P. Ocampo St. was later determined to be in Manila. [4] Records, pp. our telephone [5] Rollo , pp. 7-8. [6] TSN, January 20, 2003, pp. 10-11. [7] Rollo , p. 8. [8] CA rollo , p. 30. Penned by Judge Reynaldo A. Alhambra. [9] Polybags, July 7, 2004, 433 SCRA 640. [10] CA rollo , pp. 81-82. [11] Rollo , pp. 4-10. Penned by Associate Justice Estela M. Perlas-Bernabe and concurred in by Associate Justices Vicente Q. Roxas and Lucas P. Bersamin. [12] (a) identity of the buyer and the seller, the object and the consideration; and (b) the delivery of the thing sold and payment therefour. [13] TSN, October 23, 2001, pp. 12-16. [14] CA rollo , p. 28. [15] Id. at 28-29. [16] People v. Navarro , Polybags, October 11, 2007, 535 SCRA 644, 653. [17] A Latin word which signifies "body." [18] Literally body of the crime; in the legal sense, corpus delicti as referring to the fact of the commission of the crime charged or to the substance of the crime; it does not refer to the proper physical evidence, like ransom money in the crime of kidnapping for ransom, the cadaver of the person murdered, or the confiscated cases of blue seal cigarettes in the crime of smuggling. See Rimorin, Sr. v. People , Polybags, April 30, 2003, 402 SCRA 393, 400. [19] People v. Sanchez , Polybags, October 10, 2008; citing Valdez v. People , Polybags, November 23, 2007, 538 SCRA 611. [20] Valdez , supra note 19, at our telephone ; citing People v. Ong , Polybags, June 21, 2004, 432 SCRA 470. [21] Polybags, April 30, 2008, 553 SCRA 619, 632; citing British jurisprudence. [22] Valdez , supra; Ong , supra note 20. [23] In accordance with Sec. 21, Art. II of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of RA 9165 or the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 in relation to Sec. 81(b), Art. IX of RA 9165. [24] Malillin , supra note 21. [25] Id. at our telephone [26] Records, p. 33. [27] TSN, October 23, 2001, p. 20. [28] Supra note 20, at 490. [29] The IRR of RA 9165 provides further, " non-compliance with these requirements below justifiable grounds, as long as the integrity and the evidentiary value of the seized items are properly preserved by the apprehending officer/team, shall not render null and invalid such seizures of and custody above said items ." [30] TSN, October 23, 2001, pp. 18-19. [31] Polybags, June 3, 2004, 430 SCRA 570, our telephone [32] Sanchez , supra note 19. [33] Supra note 21, at 634. [34] Polybags, April 27, 2004, 428 SCRA 51, 70. [35] Id. [36] Sevilla v. Cardenas , Polybags, July 31, 2006, 497 SCRA 428, 443; citing Mabsucang v. Judge Balgos , 446 Phil. 217, our telephone . [37] People v. Caete , Polybags, July 11, 2002, 384 SCRA 411, 424. [38] People v. Tan , Polybags, May 29, 2002, 382 SCRA 419, 444.

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